Incoterms 2020 Chart
Pick an Incoterm to see where the seller delivers, where risk passes, who pays freight and insurance, and who clears customs — for all 11 Incoterms® 2020 rules.
FOB — Free On Board
Sea & inland waterway- Seller delivers
- On board the vessel at the named port of shipment
- Risk passes to buyer
- When goods are on board the vessel
- Main carriage paid by
- Buyer
- Insurance
- No obligation
- Export clearance
- Seller
- Import clearance & duty
- Buyer
For Indian exporters: Common in Indian exports; for containers FCA describes the handover more accurately.
All 11 Incoterms 2020 rules compared
| Rule | Mode | Risk passes | Freight | Insurance | Export clearance | Import clearance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW Ex Works | Any mode | When goods are placed at the buyer's disposal at the named place | Buyer | No obligation | Buyer | Buyer |
| FCA Free Carrier | Any mode | On delivery to the carrier at the named place | Buyer | No obligation | Seller | Buyer |
| CPT Carriage Paid To | Any mode | On handover to the first carrier | Seller | No obligation | Seller | Buyer |
| CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To | Any mode | On handover to the first carrier | Seller | Seller — higher cover (ICC (A) / all risks) under Incoterms 2020 | Seller | Buyer |
| DAP Delivered at Place | Any mode | At the named destination | Seller | No obligation (seller bears the risk, so usually insures) | Seller | Buyer |
| DPU Delivered at Place Unloaded | Any mode | After unloading at destination | Seller | No obligation (seller bears the risk, so usually insures) | Seller | Buyer |
| DDP Delivered Duty Paid | Any mode | At the named destination | Seller | No obligation (seller bears the risk, so usually insures) | Seller | Seller |
| FAS Free Alongside Ship | Sea & inland waterway | When goods are alongside the ship | Buyer | No obligation | Seller | Buyer |
| FOB Free On Board | Sea & inland waterway | When goods are on board the vessel | Buyer | No obligation | Seller | Buyer |
| CFR Cost and Freight | Sea & inland waterway | When goods are on board at origin | Seller | No obligation | Seller | Buyer |
| CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight | Sea & inland waterway | When goods are on board at origin | Seller | Seller — minimum cover (ICC (C)) unless agreed otherwise | Seller | Buyer |
Summary of Incoterms® 2020 for orientation. Incoterms is a trademark of the International Chamber of Commerce; the ICC rules text governs.
Quick facts
- Incoterms® 2020 has 11 rules: 7 for any mode of transport and 4 for sea and inland waterway only.
- FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF are sea-only; for containers, FCA, CPT and CIP usually fit better.
- Under CPT, CIP, CFR and CIF the seller pays main carriage, but risk passes at origin.
- CIP requires higher insurance cover (all risks) than CIF (minimum cover) under the 2020 rules.
- DPU replaced DAT in 2020 and is the only rule where the seller unloads at destination.
- Always name the place: "FOB Nhava Sheva, India, Incoterms® 2020".
How to read the Incoterms 2020 chart
Each Incoterm fixes three things: where the seller delivers, where risk passes to the buyer, and which costs (freight, insurance, customs) each party pays. In the C-rules (CPT, CIP, CFR, CIF) the seller pays carriage to destination but risk passes at origin — the most commonly misunderstood point.
Incoterms are published by the International Chamber of Commerce and are incorporated into a contract by naming the rule, the place and the version — for example FCA Tiruppur, India, Incoterms® 2020. They do not decide when ownership passes or how payment works; those belong in the sales contract and payment terms.
For Indian exporters, the term also decides how the FOB value on the shipping bill is derived and what appears on the invoice. See FOB vs CIF for exporters and the full Incoterms 2020 guide. To build a price for each term, use the export costing calculator.
Incoterms 2020 Chart — frequently asked questions
How many Incoterms are there in 2020?
Eleven: EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU and DDP for any mode of transport, and FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF for sea and inland waterway transport.
Which Incoterms are only for sea freight?
FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF. For containerised cargo handed to a carrier before loading, FCA, CPT or CIP are usually more appropriate.
What changed in Incoterms 2020?
DAT was replaced by DPU, CIP now requires higher insurance cover than CIF, FCA allows an on-board bill of lading to be requested, and security-related costs are allocated more clearly.
Who pays insurance under CIF and CIP?
The seller. Under CIF the minimum cover is required; under CIP the 2020 rules require all-risks style cover unless agreed otherwise.
Is EXW a good term for Indian exporters?
Usually not, because the buyer is responsible for export clearance, which a foreign buyer generally cannot do in India. FCA is normally the better option.
Who clears customs under DDP?
The seller clears both export and import customs and pays import duties and taxes.
Quick answers
Q: Where does risk pass under CIF and CFR? A: When the goods are on board the vessel at the port of shipment, even though the seller pays freight to the destination port.
Q: Which Incoterms 2020 rules are sea-only? A: FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF. ExportCRM's free Incoterms 2020 chart is at exportcrm.in/tools/incoterms-2020-chart.
Quote the right term, every time
ExportCRM keeps the Incoterm, freight and insurance on every quotation and order, so documents and margins stay consistent. Book a free demo.
About this tool — why you can trust it
This chart is provided by ExportCRM, export management software by EasyWork Solutions in Surat, India. It summarises Incoterms® 2020 for orientation; Incoterms is a trademark of the International Chamber of Commerce, and the ICC rules text governs any contract.
Questions about exporting or ExportCRM? Reach the EasyWork Solutions team at info@easyworksolutions.com or book a demo.